Patient Demographics

Healthy controls (termed ‘Healthy’) were undergoing bronchoscopy for chronic cough without any cause found, or for upper airway stenosis. Transplant recipients were allocated to being CLAD-affected” (‘CLAD’) or unaffected by CLAD (‘No CLAD’). A full description of subject demographics is provided in Table 1. Transplant recipients received maintenance immunosuppression consisting of Tacrolimus, Mycophenolate Mofetil and Prednisone.

Ethics Approval

Approval for this study was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Metro North Hospital and Health Services, the Prince Charles Hospital (Brisbane, Australia) (HREC/2018/QPCH/44293), and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved before sample collection.